Thallium exposure, associated with industrial inhalation and/or dermal absorption of metallic thallium or thallium salts, may cause abnormally high blood protein, sensory changes, inflammation of the nerves, speech disturbances, weakness, and visual impairment. Ingestion of soluble thallium salts is characterized by colic, nausea, vomiting, tremors, and paralysis. Thallium compounds are employed in semiconductor research, optical systems, and photoelectric cells. Thallium salts are also used as insecticides and rodenticides. Poisoning from industrial exposure to thallium can occur in the manufacture of optical instruments, rodenticides, dyes, and certain alloys. Environmental exposure may follow emissions from smelters, cement plants, and coal-fired plants.
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