Acid anhydrides are strong respiratory irritants known to produce hypersensitivity lung disease. Symptoms associated with chronic hypersensitivity include fever, cough, fatigue, weight loss, and shortness of breath. Between 2% and 15% of all asthma associated with industry is due to job-related exposure to chemicals. Sources of exposure include Phthalic anhydride (PA) and trimellitic anhydride (TMA), which are two of the most widely used acid anhydrides in industry. Inhalation and skin contact are the two most common routes of exposure to acid anhydrides in the workplace. Acid anhydrides are used as hardeners or plasticizers in the production of many epoxy resin systems. Acid anhydrides are also employed in some chemical and dye production processes.
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