A blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test measures the amount of nitrogen in the blood that comes from urea. Urea is a waste product formed when protein is broken down in the body. It is produced in the liver and eliminated from the body in urine. A BUN test is done to estimate how well the kidneys are functioning. If the kidneys are not able to remove urea from the blood normally, the BUN level increases. Heart failure, dehydration, or a diet high in protein can also increase the BUN level. Liver disease or damage can decrease the BUN level, because urea is made in the liver.
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