GGT is a biliary enzyme that is especially useful in the diagnosis of obstructive jaundice, intrahepatic cholestasis, pancreatitis, and liver and pancreatic cancer. It is useful in the diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma in the liver. Carcinoembrionic antigen, alkaline phosphatase, and GGT are used together as useful markers for liver metastasis from breast and colon primary cancer sites. It is also useful in the diagnosis of chronic alcoholic liver disease, but some heavy drinkers do not have GGT increases. GGT is increased with hyperthyroidism and decreased in those with hypothyroidism. GGT is helpful to understand elevated alkaline phosphatase values. GGT is a biliary excretory enzyme that is more specific for hepatic disease than is alkaline phosphatase. GGT is highest in obstructive liver disease. It is commonly elevated in patients with infectious mononucleosis.
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